Appendix E. Tables on Prevention-Related Measures

Table 5.1 Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day: 1994 to 1999 Paper-and-Pencil Interviewing Data

	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999-PAPI
12 or Older	63.5	--	65.3	65.1	65.4	65.1
Males	58.6	--	60.9	61.6	60.6	60.6
Daily Cigarette Smoker	34.7	--	42.7	40.6	40.6	42.3
Current Smoker-Not Daily	58.0	--	56.9	57.8	56.0	62.3
Former Regular Smoker1	73.9	--	70.3	72.1	69.8	68.5
Never Smoked Cigarettes	62.9	--	69.1	70.4	68.5	67.1
Females	68.2	--	69.4	68.4	69.8	69.4
Daily Cigarette Smoker	43.0	--	48.3	45.0	45.2	48.7
Current Smoker-Not Daily	61.6	--	62.4	62.7	65.0	63.6
Former Regular Smoker1	77.6	--	77.0	81.3	77.4	76.5
Never Smoked Cigarettes	78.1	--	78.4	76.7	78.8	77.8
12 to 17 Years	52.0	--	53.7	53.8	54.5	54.9
Males	46.6a	--	49.8	49.9	50.3	52.6
Daily Cigarette Smoker	19.3	--	24.5	32.9	19.9	*
Current Smoker-Not Daily	36.7	--	29.0	39.0	36.9	*
Former Regular Smoker1	*	--	*	*	*	*
Never Smoked Cigarettes	50.4	--	56.1	54.0	55.9	54.4
Females	57.4	--	57.7	57.8	58.8	57.3
Daily Cigarette Smoker	23.3	--	31.5	32.9	26.8	*
Current Smoker-Not Daily	48.3	--	47.5	41.2	48.8	*
Former Regular Smoker1	*	--	*	*	*	*
Never Smoked Cigarettes	61.6	--	62.5	64.3	63.3	61.4
18 to 25 Years	56.3	--	59.5	59.0	58.4	59.3
Males	54.1	--	54.9	54.0	54.0	55.2
Daily Cigarette Smoker	37.0	--	40.3	39.3	36.4	45.2
Current Smoker-Not Daily	58.5	--	55.0	54.8	57.2	55.1
Former Regular Smoker1	*	--	*	63.2	58.9	*
Never Smoked Cigarettes	59.6	--	66.0	65.0	65.9	65.4
Females	58.3	--	64.2	64.2	62.8	63.4
Daily Cigarette Smoker	34.4a	--	45.4	44.1	40.8	47.2
Current Smoker-Not Daily	58.8	--	62.9	60.0	62.5	63.7
Former Regular Smoker1	65.9	--	62.1	68.6	60.9	*
Never Smoked Cigarettes	69.4	--	75.2	75.5	76.0	70.9

See notes at end of table. (continued)

Table 5.1 (continued)

	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999-PAPI
26 to 34 Years	63.5	--	65.1	64.5	63.9	64.0
Males	59.3	--	60.8	62.7	59.3	58.4
Daily Cigarette Smoker	41.0	--	40.8	42.7	39.7	41.3
Current Smoker-Not Daily	62.1	--	63.0	58.5	63.1	66.2
Former Regular Smoker1	68.5	--	73.8	71.7	68.7	*
Never Smoked Cigarettes	71.2	--	74.0	78.8	69.7	71.1
Females	67.5	--	69.1	66.2	68.2	69.2
Daily Cigarette Smoker	47.2	--	50.7	41.4	49.7	48.9
Current Smoker-Not Daily	62.2	--	60.6a	68.9	64.3	73.4
Former Regular Smoker1	73.2	--	78.7	76.9	74.3	*
Never Smoked Cigarettes	81.6	--	81.2	77.6	78.7	80.2
35+ Years	67.3	--	68.9	68.6	69.3	68.5
Males	61.7	--	64.6	65.3	64.6	64.0
Daily Cigarette Smoker	32.9	--	44.7	40.7	43.4	42.4
Current Smoker-Not Daily	62.7	--	63.5	66.1	57.9	*
Former Regular Smoker1	74.8	--	70.6	72.8	70.7	71.1
Never Smoked Cigarettes	72.9	--	79.0	79.9	77.6	75.8
Females	72.5	--	72.7	71.6	73.5	72.9
Daily Cigarette Smoker	44.4	--	49.1	46.8	45.7	50.0
Current Smoker-Not Daily	66.1	--	66.6	67.9	70.7	*
Former Regular Smoker1	79.6	--	78.2	82.9	79.1	78.4
Never Smoked Cigarettes	85.7	--	84.2	80.8	84.5	85.0

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

PAPI=paper-and-pencil interviewing.

^aDifference between estimate and 1999 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1999 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

^cDifference between estimate and 1999 estimate is statistically significant at the .001 level.

¹ This category includes those respondents who reported daily cigarette use sometime in their lifetime, but who are not current cigarette smokers.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-1999 PAPI.

Table 5.2 Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1999

Demographic Characteristic	Age Groups (in Years)
	Total		12 to 17		18 to 25		26 or Older
	Estimate	95% C.I.	Estimate	95% C.I	Estimate	95% C.I	Estimate	95% C.I.
Total	66.7	(65.9-67.4)	60.7	(59.9-61.4)	61.7	(60.8-62.6)	68.3	(67.3-69.3)
Gender
Male	60.8	(59.6-61.9)	56.5	(55.4-57.6)	56.6	(55.4-57.9)	62.1	(60.6-63.6)
Female	72.1	(71.1-73.1)	65.0	(63.9-66.0)	66.7	(65.6-67.9)	73.9	(72.6-75.1)
Hispanic Origin and Race
Not Hispanic
White Only	65.6	(64.6-66.5)	60.0	(59.0-61.0)	58.1	(56.9-59.2)	67.3	(66.2-68.4)
Black Only	69.8	(67.5-72.0)	62.9	(60.8-64.9)	69.2	(66.9-71.4)	71.1	(68.0-74.1)
American Indian or Alaska Native Only	65.6	(55.6-74.4)	52.1	(43.0-60.9)	57.2	(46.2-67.6)	68.9	(55.6-79.7)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	(*-*)	*	(*-*)	*	(*-*)	*	(*-*)
Asian Only	60.2	(54.5-65.7)	63.4	(58.7-67.9)	64.7	(59.0-70.1)	58.7	(50.8-66.2)
More Than One Race	64.3	(56.6-71.3)	61.3	(54.9-67.4)	48.7	(41.6-56.0)	69.6	(56.9-79.9)
Hispanic	73.5	(70.9-75.9)	61.2	(59.0-63.4)	71.7	(69.4-74.0)	76.5	(72.8-79.9)
County Type
Large Metro	68.7	(67.5-69.8)	61.9	(60.7-63.0)	64.3	(62.9-65.6)	70.3	(68.8-71.8)
Small Metro	65.7	(64.4-67.0)	60.9	(59.5-62.2)	60.7	(59.2-62.2)	67.3	(65.6-69.0)
250K to 1 Million Population	65.8	(64.3-67.3)	60.8	(59.2-62.3)	61.6	(60.0-63.1)	67.2	(65.2-69.1)
<250K Population	65.6	(62.9-68.2)	61.2	(58.4-63.9)	58.7	(55.5-61.8)	67.8	(64.3-71.1)
Nonmetro	63.0	(61.4-64.6)	57.3	(55.8-58.9)	56.9	(55.0-58.7)	64.7	(62.7-66.7)
Urbanized	65.5	(63.2-67.8)	58.9	(56.0-61.8)	61.8	(58.9-64.6)	67.3	(64.0-70.4)
Less Urbanized	62.0	(59.9-64.0)	57.0	(55.0-59.0)	53.7	(50.9-56.4)	63.9	(61.4-66.3)
Completely Rural	61.6	(55.8-67.0)	54.6	(50.5-58.7)	56.6	(50.3-62.7)	63.0	(56.2-69.3)
Region
Northeast	69.4	(67.4-71.4)	61.0	(59.1-62.9)	61.3	(59.1-63.4)	71.7	(69.1-74.1)
Midwest	63.0	(61.6-64.3)	58.6	(57.1-60.2)	57.5	(55.8-59.2)	64.5	(62.9-66.2)
South	65.7	(64.3-67.1)	60.2	(58.8-61.6)	60.9	(59.3-62.6)	67.2	(65.5-69.0)
West	69.7	(68.1-71.3)	63.1	(61.6-64.6)	67.7	(66.0-69.4)	71.0	(68.9-73.1)

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999 CAI.

Table 5.3 Odds of Persons Aged 12 to 17 Reporting Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Selected Risk and Protective Factors: 1999

Past Month Cigarette Use, by Age	Risk/Protective Factor
	Parents Told Youth They Were Proud of Something Youth Had Done
	Always	Sometimes				Seldom				Never
12 to 17 Years	1.00	1.56	(1.41	-	1.72)	2.62	(2.30	-	2.98)	3.54	(2.95	-	4.25)
12-13	1.00	1.54	(1.11	-	2.12)	4.28	(2.98	-	6.16)	6.45	(3.95	-	10.55)
14-15	1.00	1.56	(1.30	-	1.86)	2.60	(2.06	-	3.28)	3.23	(2.33	-	4.46)
16-17	1.00	1.29	(1.13	-	1.48)	1.82	(1.52	-	2.19)	2.34	(1.80	-	3.03)

	Parents' Feelings About Youth Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
	Strongly Disapprove	Somewhat Disapprove				Neither Approve or Disapprove
12 to 17 Years	1.00	8.41	(7.32	-	9.66)	5.10	(4.41	-	5.90)
12-13	1.00	10.45	(6.64	-	16.44)	3.90	(2.61	-	5.81)
14-15	1.00	6.56	(5.19	-	8.29)	4.09	(3.15	-	5.30)
16-17	1.00	5.92	(4.88	-	7.18)	5.29	(4.31	-	6.49)

	Perception of Physical Harm and Other Great Risk from Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day
	Great Risk	Moderate Risk				Slight Risk				No Risk
12 to 17 Years	1.00	1.82	(1.65	-	2.01)	2.80	(2.44	-	3.21)	2.64	(2.05	-	3.39)
12-13	1.00	1.41	(1.01	-	.1.96)	4.40	(3.03	-	6.39)	4.33	(2.42	-	7.74)
14-15	1.00	2.07	(1.75	-	2.43)	3.43	(2.73	-	4.30)	2.83	(1.81	-	4.73)
16-17	1.00	1.91	(1.66	-	2.19)	2.51	(2.06	-	3.06)	2.96	(1.98	-	4.43)
	Number of Youth Activities, Youth Counseling, and Prevention Programs Participated In
	Three or More	Two				One				None
12 to 17 Years	1.00	1.44	(1.27	-	1.62)	1.74	(1.54	-	1.98)	2.86	(2.49	-	3.27)
12-13	1.00	1.21	(0.79	-	1.84)	2.09	(1.48	-	2.96)	3.45	(2.30	-	5.19)
14-15	1.00	1.54	(1.27	-	1.86)	1.74	(1.41	-	2.14)	2.63	(2.10	-	3.28)
16-17	1.00	1.38	(1.16	-	1.64)	1.65	(1.38	-	1.96)	2.51	(2.08	-	3.04)
	Number of Adults Known Personally Who Smoke Cigarettes
	None of Them	A Few of Them				Most of Them				All of Them
12 to 17 Years	1.00	1.55	(1.27	-	1.89)	5.21	(4.24	-	6.41)	7.26	(5.52	-	9.54)
12-13	1.00	0.76	(0.42	-	1.35)	3.01	(1.65	-	5.47)	6.06	(2.80	-	13.14)
14-15	1.00	1.57	(1.12	-	2.21)	5.29	(3.74	-	7.50)	10.09	(6.35	-	16.05)
16-17	1.00	1.70	(1.26	-	2.31)	5.47	(4.01	-	7.47)	5.66	(3.71	-	8.62)

See notes at the end of the table. (continued)

Table 5.3 (continued)

Past Month Cigarette Use, by Age	Risk/Protective Factor
	Get a Real Kick Out of Doing Dangerous Things
	Never	Seldom				Sometimes				Always
12 to 17 Years	1.00	2.13	(1.84	-	2.47)	4.19	(3.66	-	4.79)	9.06	(7.67	-	10.69)
12-13	1.00	1.69	(1.11	-	2.57)	3.51	(2.45	-	5.03)	8.80	(5.74	-	13.51)
14-15	1.00	1.74	(1.31	-	2.30)	3.81	(2.97	-	4.87)	7.76	(5.76	-	10.47)
16-17	1.00	1.96	(1.59	-	2.42)	3.35	(2.79	-	4.01)	7.25	(5.71	-	9.20)

	Number of Times Carried a Handgun in the Past Year
	0	1-2				3-5				6-9				10+
12 to 17 Years	1.00	3.31	(2.66	-	4.13)	3.92	(2.56	-	6.00)	*	(*	-	*)	3.15	(2.03	-	4.89)
12-13	1.00	5.11	(2.80	-	9.33)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)
14-15	1.00	2.97	(2.03	-	4.35)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)
16-17	1.00	2.98	(2.14	-	4.16)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)
	Number of Times You Stole or Tried to Steal Anything Worth More Than $50 in The Past Year
	0	1-2				3-5				6-9				10+
12 to 17 Years	1.00	4.75	(4.01	-	5.64)	9.25	(6.33	-	13.50)	*	(*	-	*)	8.92	(5.47	-	14.55)
12-13	1.00	8.37	(5.13	-	13.66)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)
14-15	1.00	4.97	(3.68	-	6.71)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)
16-17	1.00	3.16	(2.44	-	4.09)	8.00	(4.68	-	13.67)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)
	Number of Times Had Gotten Into a Serious Fight at School or at Work in the Past Year
	0	1-2				3-5				6-9				10+
12 to 17 Years	1.00	2.22	(1.99	-	2.47)	3.62	(3.02	-	4.34)	4.01	(2.88	-	5.58)	4.59	(3.35	-	6.30)
12-13	1.00	2.71	(1.96	-	3.73)	6.55	(4.08	-	10.52)	5.18	(2.40	-	11.18)	6.84	(3.58	-	13.07)
14-15	1.00	2.49	(2.09	-	2.98)	4.08	(3.03	-	5.50)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)
16-17	1.00	2.30	(1.96	-	2.70)	3.52	(2.57	-	4.81)	*	(*	-	*)	*	(*	-	*)

	Number of Friends Who Smoke Cigarettes
	None Of Them	A Few of Them				Most or All of Them
12 to 17 Years	1.00	8.24	(6.74	-	10.07)	60.01	(49.17	-	73.25)
12-13	1.00	8.65	(5.32	-	14.06)	58.09	(35.99	-	93.78)
14-15	1.00	6.88	(4.75	-	9.99)	43.66	(30.16	-	63.21)
16-17	1.00	4.59	(3.37	-	6.24)	32.17	(23.68	-	43.70)

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1999 CAI.