The Aeronomy Laboratory is an atmospheric research laboratory in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) / Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR).

The Aeronomy Lab is located in Boulder, Colorado. The Lab's approximately one hundred scientists, engineers, students, postdoctoral researchers, and support staff are engaged in research that provides a sound scientific basis for decisions made in industry and government related to climate change understanding, air quality improvement, and ozone layer protection. Over 50% of the staff are employees of NOAA's Joint Institute with the University of Colorado, the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES).

The Aeronomy Laboratory conducts scientific research aimed at discovering and understanding the chemical, dynamical, and radiative processes of the Earth's atmosphere that are needed to improve the capability to predict its behavior. The chemical, dynamical, and radiative processes of the atmosphere are the mechanisms of atmospheric change. As such, their identification and characterization are a fundamental necessity for building better models for predicting the behavior of regional and global phenomena, which is at the heart of NOAA's mission.

Aeronomy Lab scientists conduct investigations of the atmospheric processes under controlled conditions in the laboratory, carry out field measurements in a variety of environments, and use diagnostic models for analyses and interpretations. The Aeronomy Laboratory also assists the scientific community in its periodic efforts to assess the current state of scientific understanding and to interact with those who use this information, describing it in "user-friendly" terms. In this regard, an Aeronomy Lab researcher cochairs the climate-science Working Group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Lab hosts its Technical Support Unit. An Aeronomy Lab researcher also cochairs the international scientific panel associated with the United Nations Montreal Protocol agreement on the ozone layer.