Economic Valuation of Natural Resources
A Handbook for Coastal Resource Policymakers
NOAA Coastal Ocean Program
Decision Analysis Series No. 5
Douglas W. Lipton, Katherine Wellman, Isobel C. Sheifer, Rodney F. Weiher
June 1995
View full publication online at:
Maryland Sea Grant Extension's Coastal Environmental Economics Network
PREFACE:
Professionals who are responsible for coastal environmental and natural
resource planning and management have a need to become conversant with new
concepts designed to provide quantitative measure of the environmental benefits
of natural resources. These amenities range from beaches to wetlands to clean
water and other assets that normally are not bought and sold in everyday markets.
At all levels of government - from federal agencies to townships and counties
- decisionmakers are being asked to account for the costs and benefits of
proposed actions. To non-specialists, the tools of the professional economists
are often poorly understood and sometimes inappropriate for the problem at
hand. This handbook is intended to bridge this gap.
The most widely used organizing tool for dealing with natural and environmental
resource choices is benefit-cost analysis - it offers a convenient way to
carefully identify and array, quantitatively if possible, the major costs,
benefits, and consequences of a proposed policy or regulation. The major strength
of benefit-cost analysis is not necessarily the predicted outcome, which depends
upon assumptions and techniques, but the process itself, which forces an approach
to decision-making that is based largely on rigorous and quantitative reasoning.
However, a major shortfall of benefit-cost analysis has been the difficulty
of quantifying both benefits and costs of actions that impact environmental
assets not normally, nor even regularly, bought and sold in markets. Failure
to account for these assets, to omit them from the benefit-cost equation,
could seriously bias decisionmaking, often to the detriment of the environment.
Economists and other social scientists have put a great deal of effort into
addressing this shortcoming by developing techniques to quantify these non-
market benefits.
The major focus of this handbook is on introducing and illustrating concepts
of environmental valuation, among them Travel Cost models and Contingent Valuation.
These concepts, combined with advances in natural sciences that allow us to
better understand how changes in the natural environment influence human behavior,
aim to address some of the more serious shortcomings in the application of
economic analysis to natural resource and environmental management and policy
analysis.
Because the handbook is intended for non-economists, it addresses basic
concepts of economic value such as willingness -to-pay and other tools often
used in decision making such as cost- effectiveness analysis, economic impact
analysis, and sustainable development. A number of regionally oriented case
studies are included to illustrate the practical application of these concepts
and techniques.
Single copies are available from the Coastal Ocean Office. Please contact
by phone: 301-713-3338 or email: coastalocean@noaa.gov
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Last Updated:
August 22, 2001