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Report
September 29, 2016
The United States has 14 preferential trade agreements with 20 of its trading partners. In CBO’s view, the consensus among economic studies is that, all told, such agreements have had small positive effects on the U.S. economy.
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Cost Estimate
July 26, 2016
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on July 13, 2016
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Report
June 16, 2016
CBO describes the procedures it uses to develop a market-based estimate of the cost of new U.S. commitments to the International Monetary Fund that reflects the small risk that the IMF could incur large losses.
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Cost Estimate
October 27, 2015
Letter to the Honorable Tom Price Regarding the Budgetary Impact of H.R. 3611
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Cost Estimate
May 5, 2015
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Finance on April 22, 2015
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Cost Estimate
May 4, 2015
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on April 23, 2015
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Cost Estimate
April 30, 2015
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Finance on April 22, 2015
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Cost Estimate
April 29, 2015
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on April 23, 2015
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Cost Estimate
September 3, 2014
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on July 30, 2014
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Report
June 25, 2014
CBO finds that Ex-Im Bank’s credit programs would generate a budgetary cost using fair-value accounting—as opposed to savings under the current approach for measuring costs—because it more fully accounts for risk the government takes on.
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Report
May 22, 2014
The budgetary costs shown for selected credit programs would be higher under fair-value accounting—an alternative to the current approach for measuring costs—because it more fully accounts for the cost of the risk the government takes on.
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Cost Estimate
March 12, 2014
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on February 27, 2014
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Working Paper
December 19, 2013
Under a broad-based carbon tax or cap-and-trade program, some of the reduction in U.S. emissions would probably be offset by increases in foreign emissions, a phenomenon known as carbon leakage.
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Report
December 19, 2013
A carbon tax or cap-and-trade program could make emission-intensive U.S. products less competitive and increase emissions overseas. Import tariffs related to emissions could reduce those effects but would be hard to implement.
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Cost Estimate
December 10, 2013
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on November 20, 2013
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Cost Estimate
December 10, 2013
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on July 30, 2013
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Cost Estimate
August 22, 2013
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Natural Resources on July 31, 2013
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Cost Estimate
August 8, 2013
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on July 24, 2013
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Cost Estimate
August 8, 2013
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on July 24, 2013
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Cost Estimate
July 30, 2013
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on July 24, 2013
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Cost Estimate
July 24, 2013
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on July 17, 2013
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Cost Estimate
July 22, 2013
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on June 25, 2013
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Cost Estimate
November 2, 2012
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on September 19, 2012 S. 2318 would authorize the Department of State to make payments for information that would prevent or disrupt transnational organized crime or lead to the arrest or conviction of persons involved in war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would have discretionary costs of $10 million over the 2013-2017 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts.
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Cost Estimate
August 27, 2012
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on July 31, 2012
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Cost Estimate
August 1, 2012
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on July 31, 2012 The European Union (EU) has established the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), a regulatory framework related to greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, the ETS covers emissions from air carriers that operate flights within, to, and from EU member states. Negotiations between the U.S. government and the EU about the applicability of the ETS to U.S. air carriers are ongoing, and the potential outcome of those negotiations is unclear.
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Cost Estimate
July 24, 2012
As reported by the Senate Committee on Finance on July 19, 2012 CBO estimates that implementing S. 3406 would cost $7 million over the 2013-2017 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. The bill would affect direct spending and revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply, but CBO estimates that any such effects would not be significant in any year. S. 3406 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments.
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Cost Estimate
July 23, 2012
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Finance on July 18, 2012
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Report
May 9, 2012
Improving energy security—the ability of U.S. households and businesses to accommodate disruptions of supply in energy markets—requires considering policies related to the nation’s supply of and demand for oil.
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Blog Post
May 9, 2012
Energy use—for electricity, transportation, and heating and air conditioning—is pervasive throughout the U.S. economy, representing 8.4 percent of U.S. gross domestic product in 2010. About 80 percent of the energy used by households and businesses comes from oil, natural gas, and coal; the rest comes from nuclear power and renewable sources, such as wind and the sun. Disruptions in the supply of commodities used to produce energy tend to raise energy prices, imposing an increased burden on households and businesses.
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Graphic
May 9, 2012
Energy Security in the United States - Infographic