Speaker of the House Langdon Cheves of South Carolina

June 26, 1857

The eighth Speaker of the House, Langdon Cheves, died on this date.  Born on September 17, 1776, in Abbeville County, South Carolina, Cheves was raised in Charleston.  In 1810 he won election to the House of Representatives, succeeding Robert Marion of South Carolina in the 11th Congress (1809–1811).  Cheves was a trusted lieutenant of Speaker Henry Clay of Kentucky, with whom he devised the legislative strategy that led the U.S. into war with Great Britain in 1812.  Speaker Clay appointed Cheves chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Naval Establishments during the 12th Congress (1811–1813)—positions from which he sought to bolster U.S. military preparedness.  When Clay resigned in 1814 to serve on the peace commission to end the war, the House elected Cheves as Speaker for the remainder of the 12th Congress.  Cheves opted not to oppose the popular Clay for the Speakership when he returned in 1815—and retired to private life.  Cheves later served as head of the Bank of the United States from 1819 to 1822, saving the institution from financial ruin before returning to the affairs of his rice plantation in South Carolina.

Related Highlight Subjects

• Artifacts in the House Collection (113)
• Cheves, Langdon (2)
• Clay, Henry (10)
• Speaker of the House (74)

Cite

A three-term Representative and Speaker of the House, Langdon Cheves also served three years as President of the Bank of the United States.  He later turned down multiple high-ranking political appointments in order to reside in his native South Carolina. Oil on canvas, Hall Morrison, 1912, Collection of U.S. House of Representatives