Party leadership is termed “majority” or “minority” depending on the numbers of seats held at the time. Although the positions of party floor leaders are not stated in the US Constitution, the issue of leadership roles within respective parties on the floor was not dealt with until 1920 when Oscar W. Underwood (D-AL) became the first elected party leader in the 66th Congress. The Republican Party did not formally elect a party leader until 1925.

Party leaders are elected by members of their respective parties in the Senate at the start of each Congress. Party leaders serve as the spokespersons of their party’s platform beliefs and priorities. They also ensure that all party members are advised of the daily legislative program. Party leaders are vital to the success of Congress. They not only protect the rights and interests of each party member, but their corresponding constituents in their home state as well.

Party leaders are elected based on Senate experience and willingness to dedicate their time and skills among other traits. It is no wonder that they are generally the first and last person on the Senate floor when duty calls.