1st to 22nd Census (1790-2000) Under the Constitution, each state is entitled to at least one Representative, serving a two-year term. Congress fixes the size of the House of Representatives, which is currently 435, and the procedure of apportioning the number among the states. The 22nd Census was conducted on April 1, 2000, and the resident population totals for each state will be delivered to the President within nine months of the census date. Within a week of the opening of the next session of the Congress, the President must report to the Clerk of the House of Representatives the census totals for each state and the number of Representatives to which each jurisdiction is entitled. Within 15 days, the Clerk of the House will inform each state Governor of the number of Representatives to which each state is entitled. Each state's legislature is responsible for geographically defining the boundaries of their congressional and other election districts. Further information on the Congressional Apportionment is available through the Congressional Affairs Office of the U.S. Census Bureau.

Representatives Apportioned to Each State 1st to 22nd Census 1 (1790-2000) St. C* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 132 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 AL .. .. .. 3 3 5 7 7 6 8 8 9 9 10 9 9 9 8 7 7 7 7 AK .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 AZ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 51 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 AR .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 6 4 4 4 4 4 CA .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 52 3 4 6 7 8 11 20 23 30 38 43 45 52 53 CO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 CT 5 7 7 7 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 DE 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 FL .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 15 19 23 25 GA 3 2 4 6 7 9 8 8 7 9 10 11 11 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 13 HI .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 ID .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 IL .. .. .. 3 1 3 7 9 14 19 20 22 25 27 27 26 25 24 24 22 20 19 IN .. .. .. 3 3 7 10 11 11 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 9 IA .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 6 9 11 11 11 11 9 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 KS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 51 3 7 8 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 KY 3 52 6 10 12 13 10 10 9 10 11 11 11 11 9 9 8 7 7 7 6 6 LA .. .. .. 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 ME .. .. .. 6 7 8 7 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 MD 6 8 9 9 9 8 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 MA 8 14 17 620 13 12 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 16 15 14 14 12 12 11 10 10 MI .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 4 6 9 11 12 12 13 17 17 18 19 19 18 16 15 MN .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 3 5 7 9 10 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 MS .. .. .. 3 1 2 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 5 5 4 MO .. .. .. 3 51 2 5 7 9 13 14 15 16 16 13 13 11 10 10 9 9 9 MT .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 NE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 3 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 NV .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 NH 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 NJ 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 7 7 8 10 12 14 14 14 15 15 14 13 13 NM .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 51 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 NY 6 10 17 27 34 40 34 33 31 33 34 34 37 43 45 45 43 41 39 34 31 29 NC 5 10 12 13 13 13 9 8 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 11 11 11 12 13 ND .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 OH .. .. 3 6 14 19 21 21 19 20 21 21 21 22 24 23 23 24 23 21 19 18 OK .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 8 9 8 6 6 6 6 6 5 OR .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 PA 8 13 18 23 26 28 24 25 24 27 28 30 32 36 34 33 30 27 25 23 21 19 RI 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 SC 5 6 8 9 9 9 7 6 4 5 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 SD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 TN .. 3 3 6 9 13 11 10 8 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 9 8 9 9 9 TX .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 4 6 11 13 16 18 21 21 22 23 24 27 30 32 UT .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 VT 3 52 4 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 VA 10 19 22 23 22 21 15 13 711 9 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 WA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 3 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 9 WV .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 WI .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 6 8 9 10 11 11 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 WY .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tot. 65 105 141 181 213 240 223 234 241 292 325 356 386 435 435 435 437 435 435 435 435 435 * Constitutional Apportionment 1 The original apportionment of Representatives was assigned in 1787 in the Constitution and remained in effect for the 1st and 2d Congresses. Subsequent apportionments based on the censuses over the years have been figured using several different methods approved by Congress, all with the goal of dividing representation among the states as equally as possible. After each census up to and including the Thirteenth in 1910, Congress would enact a law designating the specific changes in the actual number of Representatives as well as the increase in the ratio of persons-per-Representative. After having made no apportionment after the Fourteenth census in 1920, Congress by statute in 1929 fixed the total number of Representatives at 435 (the number attained with the apportionment after the 1910 census), and since that time, only the ratio of persons-per- Representative has continued to increase, in fact, significantly so. Since the total is now fixed, the specific number of Representatives per state is adjusted after each census to reflect its percentage of the entire population. Since the Sixteenth Census in 1940, the ‘‘equal proportions’’ method of apportioning Representatives within the 435 total has been employed. A detailed explanation of the entire apportionment process can be found in The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, 1789–1983. Kenneth C. Martis, The Free Press, New York, 1982. 2No apportionment was made after the 1920 census. 3 The following Representatives were added after the indicated apportionments when these states were admitted in the years listed. The number of these additonal Representatives for each state remained in effect until the next census’s apportionment (with the exceptions of California and New Mexico, as explained in footnote 4). They are not included in the total for each column. In reading this table, please remember that the apportionments made after each census took effect with the election two years after the census date. As a result, in the table footnote 2 is placed for several states under the decade preceding the one in which it entered the Union, since the previous decade’s apportionment was still in effect at the time of statehood. Constitutional: Vermont (1791), 2; Kentucky (1792), 2; First: Tennessee (1796), 1; Second: Ohio (1803), 1; Third: Louisiana (1812), 1; Indiana (1816), 1; Mississippi (1817), 1; Illinois (1818), 1; Alabama (1819), 1; Missouri (1821), 1; Fifth: Arkansas (1836), 1; Michigan (1837), 1; Sixth: Florida (1845), 1; Texas (1845), 2; Iowa (1846), 2; Wisconsin (1848), 2; California (1850), 2; Seventh: Minnesota (1858), 2; Oregon (1859), 1; Kansas (1861), 1; Eighth: Nevada (1864), 1; Nebraska (1867), 1; Ninth: Colorado (1876), 1; Tenth: North Dakota (1889), 1; South Dakota (1889), 2; Montana (1889), 1; Washington (1889), 1; Idaho (1890), 1; Wyoming (1890), 1; Eleventh: Utah (1896), 1; Twelth: Oklahoma (1907), 5; New Mexico (1912), 2; Arizona (1912), 1; Seventeenth: Alaska (1959), 1; Hawaii (1959), 1. 4 When Alaska and then Hawaii joined the Union in 1959, the law was changed to allow the total membership of the House of Representatives to increase to 436 and then to 437, apportioning one new Representative for each of those states. The total returned to 435 in 1963, when the 1960 census apportionment took effect. 5 Even though the respective censuses were taken before the following states joined the Union, Representatives for them were apportioned either because of anticipation of statehood or because they had become states in the period between the census and the apportionment, hence they are included in the totals of the respective columns. First: Vermont (1791); Kentucky (1792); Fourth: Missouri (1821); Seventh: California (1850); Eighth: Kansas (1861); Thirteenth: New Mexico (1912); Arizona (1912). (Please note: These seven states are also included in footnote 2 because they became states while the previous decade’s apportionment was still in effect for the House of Representatives.) California’s situation was unusual. It was scheduled for inclusion in the figures for the 1850 census apportionment; however, when the apportionment law was passed in 1852, California’s census returns were still incomplete so Congress made special provision that the state would retain ‘‘the number of Representatives [two] prescribed by the act of admission * * * into the Union until a new apportionment [i.e., after the 1860 census]’’ would be made. The number of Representatives from California actually increased before the next apportionment to three when Congress gave the state an extra Representative during part of the 37th Congress, from 1862 to 1863. Regarding New Mexico, the 1911 apportionment law, passed by the 62d Congress in response to the 1910 census and effective with the 63d Congress in 1913, stated that ‘‘if the Territor[y] of * * * New Mexico shall become [a State] in the Union before the apportionment of Representatives under the next decennial census [it] shall have one Representative * * *.’’ When New Mexico became a state in 1912 during the 62d Congress, it was given two Representatives. The number was decreased to one beginning the< next year in the 63d. 6 The ‘‘Maine District’’ of Massachusetts became a separate state during the term of the 16th Congress, in 1820. For the remainder of that Congress, Maine was assigned one ‘‘at large’’ Representative while Massachusetts continued to have 20 Representatives, the number apportioned to it after the 1810 census. For the 17th Congress (the last before the 1820 census apportionment took effect), seven of Massachusetts’s Representatives were reassigned to Maine, leaving Massachusetts with 13. 7 Of the 11 Representatives apportioned to Virginia after the 1860 census, three were reassigned to West Virginia when that part of Virginia became a separate state in 1863. Since the Virginia seats in the House were vacant at that time because of the Civil War, all of the new Representatives from West Virginia were able to take their seats at once. When Representatives from Virginia reentered the House in 1870, only eight members represented it. Source: Congressional Directory, 2003-2004.